Articles and Chapters
Below is a bibliography of needs assessment related articles and chapters. If you have others that you would like for us to add, please Contact Us using the form to the left.
Abdullah, H. (2009). Training Needs Assessment and Analysis: A Case of Malaysian Manufacturing Firms. European Journal of Scientific Research. 37(3), pp.351-360.
Altschuld, J. W., & Lepicki, T. L. (2009). Needs assessment and education. In S. Mathison, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Evaluation. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Altschuld, J. W., & Lepicki, T. L. (2010). Needs Assessment in Human Performance Interventions. In R. Watkins and D. Leigh (Eds.), The Handbook for the Selection and Implementation of Human Performance Interventions, San Francisco: Wiley (Jossey-Bass) and Silver Spring, MD:International Society for Performance Improvement.
Altschuld, J. W. (2004). Fault tree analysis. In S. Mathison, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Evaluation. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Altschuld, J. W. (2003/2004). Emerging dimensions of needs assessment. Performance Improvement, 10-15.
Altschuld, J. W., & Kumar, D. D. (2004). Needs assessment. In S. Mathison, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Evaluation. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Altschuld, J. W. (1986). Review of Assessing Needs in Educational and Social Programs. Educational and Communications Technology Journal, 33(4), 297-299.
Anderson, G. (1994). A proactive model for training needs analysis. Journal of European Industrial Training, 18 (3): pp. 23-28.
Armstrong. P. (1982). The myth of meeting needs in adult education and community development. Critical Social Policy. vol. 2 no. 5 24-37
Arthur, W. Jr., Bennett, W. Jr., Edens, P.S., and Bell, S.T. (2003), Effectiveness of Training in Organizations: A Meta-analysis of Design and Evaluation Features, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 234–245.
Bednar, A. (1988). Needs Assessment as a Change Strategy: A case study. Performance Improvement Quarterly. 1(2). p. 31-39.
Berman, P. S., Sulsky, L., Pargament, K., Balzer, W. K., Kausch, D. (1991). The role of needs assessment in the design of employee assistance programs: A case study. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 6(3)21–35.
Bradshaw, J (1972). The concept of social need. New Society, 19, 496, 640-643
Bradshaw, J. (1977). The Concept of Social Need. In Gilbert, N. & Specht, H.(Eds). Planning for Social Welfare: Issues, models, and tasks. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Brinkerhoff, R. (1986). Expanding Needs Analysis. Training and Development Journal. 40:64-65.
Brown, J. (2002, Winter). Training needs assessment: A must for developing an effective training program. Public Personnel Management, 31(4), 569-578.
Buttram, J.L. (1990). Focus groups: a starting point for needs assessment. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED322628)
Cassner, M. & Adams, K.E. (2006). Assessing the professional development needs of distance librarians in academic libraries. Journal of Library Administration, 45(1/2), 81-99.
Cekada, T (2010). Training needs assessment: Understanding what employees need to know. Professional Safety, 28-33.
Chen, Y. & Lin, C. (2009). Needs assessment of volunteers in a non-profit organization in taiwan. College Student Journal, 43, 105-113.
Chiu, W., Thompson, D., Mak, W., and Lo, K.L. (1999), Re–thinking Training Needs Analysis: A Proposed Framework for Literature Review, Personnel Review, 28, 77–89.
Clarke, N. (2003). The politics of training needs analysis. Journal of Workplace Learning, 15(4), 141-141-153.
Cline, E. and Seibert, P. (1993). Help for first-time needs assessors. Training & Development, v47, n5, p99(3)
Cohen, B. (1981). Do you really want to conduct a needs assessment? Philadephia: Management and Behavioral Science Center, University of Pennsylvania.
Csete, J.M. (1996). Needs assessment: what a difference does (and can) it make? Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED396002)
Cureton, J., Newton, A. and Tesolowski, D. (1986). Finding out what managers need. Training & Development Journal, v40, n5, p106(2)
Darraugh, B. (1991). It takes six. (six-step model for needs assessment). Training & Development Journal, v45, n3, p21(3)
Dierdorff, E. C., & Surface, E. A. (2008). Assessing training needs: Do work experience and
capability matter? Human Performance, 21(1), 28-48.
DiLauro, T. (1979, Nov./Dec). Training needs assessment: Current practices and new directions. Public Personnel Management, 8(6), 350-359.
Eastman, J., Witkin, B. and Burnham, B. (1987). How to limit a needs assessment. In How to Evaluate Educaitonal Programs (pp. 1-4). Capitol Publications.
Endacott, R. (1997). Clarifying the concept of need: a comparison of two approaches to concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 25, 471-476
Eschenfelder, B. (2010). Using community based assessments to strengthen nonprofit-government collaboration and service delivery. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 32, 405-446.
Evans, N. J. (1985). Needs assessment methodology: A comparison of results. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(2)107–114.
Fairbairns, Jill (1991) Plugging the gap in training needs analysis. Personnel Management; v23, n2, p43(3)
Freeman, J. (1993). Human resources planning - training needs analysis. Management Quarterly, v34, n3, p32(3)
Ford, J. K., Noe, R. A. (1987). Self-assessed training needs: The effects of attitudes toward training, managerial level, and function. Personnel Psychology, 40, 39–53.
Gent, M. J., Dell'Omo, G. G. (1989). The needs assessment solution. Personnel Administrator, 34(1)82–84.
Graham, K. and Mihal, W. (1986). Can your management development needs surveys be trusted? Training & Development Journal, v40, n3, p38(5)
Guthrie, J.P., and Schwoerer, C.E. (1994), Individual and Contextual Influences on Self-assessed TrainingNeeds, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 405–423.
Guthrie, J.P., and Schwoerer, C.E. (1996), Older Dogs and New Tricks: Career Stage and Self-assessed Need for Training, Public Personnel Management, 25, 59–72.
Hazucha, J., Holt, K. (1991). Starting right. Training & Development Journal, 45, 71–72.
Hiebert, M. B., Smallwood, N. (1987). Now for a completely different look at needs analysis. Training and Development Journal, 41, 75–79.
Holton, E., Bates, R. & Naquin, S. (2000, Summer). Largescale performance-driven training needs assessment: A case study. Public Personnel Management, 29(2), 249-267.
Hung, H-L., Altschuld, J.W., & Lee, Y-F. (2008). Methodological and conceptual issues confronting a cross-country Delphi study of educational program evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31, 191-198
James, B. (1956). Can "needs" define educational goals. Adult Education Quarterly. 7(19). p 19-26.
Jerabek, JA, and McMain, L..(2002) 'The Answer You Get Depends on Who (and What) You Ask', Journal of Library Administration, 37: 3, 387 — 395
Kaufman, R., and Watkins, R. (2000). Getting serious about results and payoffs: We are what we say, do, and deliver. Performance Improvement Journal, 39(4), 23–32.
Kaufman, R., Thiagarajan, S. (1987). Identifying and specifying requirements for instruction. In R. M. Gagne (). Instructional technology:Foundations (pp. 113–140). Hillsdale: NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Kaufman, R. And Watkins, R. (1999). Needs Assessment. In Langdon, D. (Ed.). The Resource Guide to Performance Interventions. San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
Kaufman, R. and Watkins, R. (1996) Mega Planning: A framework for integrating strategic planning, needs assessment, quality management, benchmarking, and reengineering. In Jones, J. E. & Biech, E. (Ed.). The HR Handbook, Vol. 1. Amherst MA., HRD Press.
Kaufman, R., Stith, M., Triner, D. And Watkins, R. (1998). The Changing Corporate Mind: Organizations, vision, mission, purposes, and indicators on the move toward societal payoffs. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 11(3), 32-34.
Kaufman, R. (1977, November). A Possible taxonomy for needs assessment. Educational Technology, 60-64.
Kaufman, R. (1977). Needs assessment: Internal and external. Journal of Instructional Development, 1(1), 5-8. (Also reprinted in Revista de Tecnologia Educativa, No. 1, Vol. 3, 1977).
Kaufman, R., Stakenas, R. G., Wager, J. C., & Mayer, H. (1981). Relating needs assessment, program development, implementation and evaluation. Journal of Instructional Development, 4(4), 17-26. (Also reprinted in Revista de Tecnologia Educativa, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1983).
Kaufman, R. (1986, January). Obtaining functional results: Relating needs assessment, needs analysis, and objectives. Educational Technology, 24-27.
Kaufman, R. (1987, October). A needs assessment primer. Training & Development Journal.
Kaufman, R. (1988, July). Needs assessment: A menu. Performance & Instruction Journal.
Kaufman, R. (1989, September). Needs assessment: More than questionnaires. Training & Development Journal.
Kaufman, R. (1990, Winter). Relating evaluation and needs assessment. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 1(4), 405-408.
Kaufman, R. (1994, February). A Needs Assessment Audit. Performance & Instruction.
Kaufman, R. (1994). Needs Assessment and Analysis. Chapter 87 in Tracey, W. R. Human Resources Management & Development Handbook, 2nd. ed. New York: American Management Association.
Kaufman, R. (1994, February). Auditing Your Needs Assessment Training & Development. Volume 48, Number 2.
Kaufman, R. (1997). Needs Assessment Basics. In Kaufman, R., Thiagarajan, S., & MacGillis, P. (Editors). (1997). The Handbook for Performance Improvement. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer & Co/Division of Jossey-Bass.
King, K.P. & Jakuta, M.O. (2002). Needs assessment recommendations for practice from the field: A case study. Adult Basic Education, 12, 157-172.
Lan, J. (2001). Web‐Based Instruction for Education Faculty: A Needs Assessment. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(4), 385.
Lareau, L.S. (1983). Needs Assessment of the Elderly: Conclusions and Methodological Approaches. The Gerontologist, 23, pp. 518-526.
Lawton, B. (1989). Library instruction needs assessment: Designing survey instruments. Research Strategies, 7(3)119–128.
Lee, Y-F., Altschuld, J. W., & White, J.L. (2007). Problems in needs assessment data: Discrepancy analysis. Evaluation and Program Planning, 30(3), 258-266.
Lee, Y-F., Altschuld, J. W., & White, J. L. (2007). Effects of the participation of multiple stakeholders in identifying and interpreting perceived needs. Evaluation and Program Planning, 30(1), 1-9.
Leigh, D., Watkins, R., Platt, W., and Kaufman, R. (2000). Alternate models of needs assessment: Selecting the right one for your organization. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(1), 87–93.
Leigh, D. (2004). Needs assessment readiness checklist. In M. Silberman (Ed.). The 2004 training and performance sourcebook. Princeton, NJ: Active Training / American Society for Training and Development (ASTD).
Levine, S., Joseph, E. (1987). Proposing a needs assessment model for academic program development. Saginaw, MI. Saginaw Valley State College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 295 046).
Lewis, T. and Bjorkquist, D. (1992). Needs Assessment: A critical reappraisal. Performance Improvement Quarterly. 5(4). p 33-54.
Lundberg, C., Elderman, J. L., Ferrell, P. and Harper, L. (2010), Data gathering and analysis for needs assessment: A case study. Performance Improvement, 49: 27–34
Martin, G. (2009). Making sure the solutions are the right ones: Training needs analysis. Training and Development in Australia, 36(2), 18.
Martinez-Brawley, E. E., Blundall, J. (1991). Whom shall we help? Attitudes about need and services. Social Work, 36(4)315–321.
McArdle, G.E.H. (1996) Conducting a needs assessment for your work group. Supervisory Management, v41, n3, p6(1)
McCaslin, N.L., & Tibezinda, J.P. (1997). Assessing Target Group Needs. Improving agricultural extension. a reference manual. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from http://www.fao.org/docrep/w5830e/w5830e07.htm
McClelland, S.B. (1994). Training needs assessment data-gathering methods: part 1, survey questionnaires. Journal of European Industrial Training, 18(1), 22-26.
McClelland, S.B. (1994) "Training Needs Assessment Data-gathering Methods:: Part 2 – Individual Interviews", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 18 Iss: 2, pp.27 - 31
McClelland, S.B. (1994). Training needs assessment data-gathering methods: part 3, focus groups. Journal of European Industrial Training, 18(3), 29-32.
McClelland, S.B. (1994) "Training Needs Assessment Data-gathering Methods:: Part 4, On-site Observations", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 18 Iss: 5, pp.4 - 7
McClelland, S.B. (1992). A systems approach to needs assessment. Training & Development, v46, n8, p51(3)
McClelland, S.B. (1993) Training needs assessment: an 'open-systems' application. Journal of European Industrial Training, v17, n1, p12(6)
Meissen, G. J., Gleason, D. F., Embree, M. G. (1991). An assessment of the needs of mutual-help groups. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19(3)427–443.
Miranda, R. (2002). Needs Assessments and Business Case Analysis for Technology Investment Decisions. Government Finance Review, 18(5), 12.
Molenaar, K., & Saller, B. (2003). Educational Needs Assessment for Design/Build Project Delivery. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice, 129(2), 106.
Monette, M. (1979).Need Assessment: a Critique of Philosophical Assumptions. Adult Education Quarterly. 29. p83.
Moore‐Thomas, C., & Erford, B. (2003). Needs Assessment: An Ongoing Process for School Improvement. In Wall, J., Walz, G. (Eds.). (2003). Measuring Up: Assessment Issues for Teachers, Counselors, and Administrators. Austin, TX:Pro-Ed Publications.
Moseley, J. and Heaney, M. (1994). Needs Assessments Across Disciplines. Performance Improvement Quarterly. 7(1). p 60-79. [includes an extensive references section]
Muller, N., & Roberts, V. (2010). Seven Cures to Skipping the Needs Assessment. Training and Develeopment, 64(3), 32-34.
Naess, P. (2009). Up-front assessment of needs. In T. Williams, K. Samset, & K. Sunnevåg (Eds.), Making essential choices with scant information (pp. 85–105). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
Nelson, R. R. (1991). Educational needs as perceived by IS and end-user personnel: A survey of knowledge and skill requirements. MIS Quarterly, 15(4), 503–521.
Nelson, R. Ryan , Whitener, Ellen M., and Philcox, Henry H. (1995). The assessment of end-user training needs. Communications of the ACM, v38, n7, p27(13)
Newstrom, J. and Lillyquist, M. (1979). Selecting Needs Analysis Methods. Training and Development Journal, Vol. 33 Issue 10, p52-56.
Nowack, K. M. (1991). A True Training Needs Analysis. Training & Development Journal, v45, n4, p69(5)
Olivas, L. (1993). Designing and conducting a training needs analysis: putting the horse before the cart. Journal of Management Development, 2(3), 19-41.
Olshfski,D.,Joseph, A. (1991). Assessing training needs of executives using the delphi technique. Public Productivity & Management Review, 14(3)297–301.
Preskill, H. (1991). A comparison of data collection methods for assessing training needs. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 2(2), 143-155.
Rodriguez, S. (1988). Needs assessment and analysis: Tools for chance. Journal of Instrucational Development, 11(1), 25 -28.
Rossett,A. (1990). Overcoming obstacles to needs assessment. Training, 27, 36–41.
Rossett,A. (1991). Needs assessment. In G. J. Anglin (), Instructional technology: Past, present, and future (pp. 156–168). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc.
Rossett, A. (1992). Analysis of human performance problems. In H. D. Stolovitch E. J. Keeps (), Handbook of human performance technology:A comprehensive guide for analyzing and solving performance problems in organizations (pp. 97–113). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Scriven, M. and Rothk, J., (1990). Neesd Assessment: Concepts and practice. Reprint of the 1978 original AERA monograph in Evaluation Practice, 11(2), 135-144.
Sleezer, C.M., & Russ-Eft, D. F. (2010). Needs assessment: A lighthouse beacon. Invited chapter for J. Moseley & J. Dessinger (Eds.). Handbook of Improving Performance in the Workplace, Volume Three: Measurement and Evaluation. San Francisco: JosseyBass.
Stanger, J. (1993). How to do a work/family needs assessment. Employment Relations Today, v20, n2, p197(9)
Steadham, SV. (1980). Learning to Select a Needs Assessment Strategy. Training and Development Journal Vol. 34, no. 1, p56-61.
Sleezer, C. (1992). Needs Assessment: Perspectives from the literature. Performance Improvement Quarterly. 5(2). p 34-46.
Swart, W, & Kaufman, R. (2009). Developing performance data for making useful faculty and leadership decisions: Needs assessment as a vehicle. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 22(3), 71.
Tafoya, W. L. (1983). Needs assessment: Key to organizational change. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 11(3)303–310.
Taylor, P.J., O’Driscoll, M.P., and Binning, J.F. (1998), A New Integrated Framework for Training Needs Analysis, Human Resource Management Journal, 8, 29–51.
Triner, D.,Greenberry, A. and Watkins, R. (1996). Training Needs Assessment: A Contradiction in Terms. Educational Technology, 36(6), 51-55.
van Eerde, W., Simon Tang, K.C., & Talbot, G. (2008). The mediating role of training utility in the relationship between training needs assessment and organizational effectiveness. The International Journal of Human Resources, 19, 63-73.
Watkins, R., and Wedman, J. (2003). A process for aligning performance improvement resources and strategies. Performance Improvement Journal, 42(7), 9–17.
Watkins, R., and Kaufman, R. (2002). Assessing and evaluating: Differentiating perspectives. Performance Improvement Journal, 41(2), 22–28.
Watkins, R. (2007). Designing for Performance: Design, develop, improve (part 3 of 3). Performance Improvement Journal.
Watkins, R. (2007). Designing for Performance: Selecting your performance technologies (part 2 of 3). Performance Improvement Journal.
Watkins, R. (2007). Designing for Performance: Aligning all of your HPT decisions from top to bottom (part 1 of 3). Performance Improvement Journal.
Watkins, R., Leigh, D., Platt, W., and Kaufman, R. (1998). Needs assessment: A digest, review, and comparison of needs assessment literature. Performance Improvement Journal, 37(7), 40–53.
Watkins, R. and Kaufman, R. (1996). An Update on Relating Needs Assessment and Needs Analysis. Performance Improvement Journal, 35(10), 10-13.
Watkins, R. and Kaufman, R. (2002). Assessing and Evaluating: Differentiating perspectives. Performance Improvement Journal, 41(2), 22-28.
Watkins, R. and Leigh, D. (2001). Performance Improvement: More than bettering the here and now. Performance Improvement Journal, 40(8), 10
Watkins, R. and Guerra, I. (2002). Assessing or Evaluating: Determining which approach is required. In Silberman, M. (Ed.). The 2003 Training and Performance Sourcebook. Princeton, NJ: Active Training.
Wedman, J. F., and Graham, S. W. (1998). Introducing the concept of performance support using the performance pyramid. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 46(3), 8–20.
White, J. and Altschuld, J. (2012). Understanding the ‘‘what should be condition’’ in needs assessment data. Evaluation and Program Planning, 35(1), 124–132.
Williams, T, and Samset, K. (2010). Issues in front-end decision making on projects. Project Management Journal, 41(2), 38–49.
Wiltshire, H (1973). The concepts of learning and need in adult education. Studies in Adult Education, 5,1, 26- 30
Witkin, B. R. and Eastman, J. (1988). Bring focus to the needs assessment study: The pre-assessment phase. Educational Planning, 6(4). 12-23.
Witkin, B. R. (1994). Needs assessment since 1981: The state of practice. Evaluation Practice, 15(1), 17-27.
Wright, P. and Geroy, G. (1992). Needs Analysis Theory and the Effectiveness of Large-scale Government Sponsored training Programmes: A Case Study. Journal of Management Development, v. 11, n. 5.
Yoon, J. S., Altschuld, J. W., & Hughes, V. (1995). Needs of Asian foreign students: Focus group interviews. Phi Beta Delta International Review.
Zemke, R. (1998). How to do a needs assessment when you think you don’t have time. Training, 35(3), 38-44.